Oral Biology
- Calcium promotes differentiation in ameloblast-like LS8 cells by downregulation of phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase /protein kinase B pathwayPublication date: Available online 30 September 2019Source: Archives of Oral BiologyAuthor(s): Gao Jianghong, Gao Zhen, Dang Fan, Li Xinmei, liu Hao, Liu Xiaojing, Gao Meili, Ruan JianpingAbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect and mechanism of calcium on LS8 cell differentiation, especially on phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) /protein kinase B(AKT) pathway.Materials and methodsAmeloblast-like LS8 cell line was used and a
- Copy milling to duplicate the emergence profile for implant-supported restorationsPublication date: Available online 1 October 2019Source: The Journal of Prosthetic DentistryAuthor(s): Julian Conejo, Pablo J. Atria, Ronaldo Hirata, Markus B. BlatzAbstractThis technique article describes the duplication of a definitive implant-supported computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) crown with soft-tissue modification on a misplaced implant. Gingival contours were ideally shaped in the stone die, and a custom he
Cancer Prevention Research current issue
- Effect of Bazedoxifene and Conjugated Estrogen (Duavee) on Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers in High-Risk Women: A Pilot StudyInterventions that relieve vasomotor symptoms while reducing risk for breast cancer would likely improve uptake of chemoprevention for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. We conducted a pilot study with 6 months of the tissue selective estrogen complex bazedoxifene (20 mg) and conjugated estrogen (0.45 mg; Duavee) to assess feasibility and effects on risk biomarkers for postmenopausal breast cancer. Risk biomarkers included fully automated m
- Scented Candles as an Unrecognized Factor that Increases the Risk of Bladder Cancer; Is There Enough Evidence to Raise a Red Flag?The causes of bladder cancer are not yet fully uncovered, however the research has identified a number of factors that may increase the risk of developing this cancer. The chemical carcinogenesis of bladder cancer due to chronic exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons has been well-established. The identification of this correlation led to an improvement of safety measures in chemical industry and a gradual decrease of bladder cancer cases among worker
- Pioglitazone, Nuclear Receptors, and Aerodigestive PreventionThere has been intense interest in nuclear receptor targeting for cancer prevention. With the exception of estrogen antagonism in breast carcinoma there has not been widespread adoption or success of this strategy in clinical cancer prevention. Keith and colleagues have performed a careful study, which utilized the PPAR nuclear receptor agonist, pioglitazone, a common type II diabetes agent, in subjects at risk for lung carcinoma. Although the re
- Bufalin, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound, Prevents Tumor Formation in Two Murine Models of Colorectal CancerChemoprevention is cost-effective for colorectal cancer when targeted at intermediate- or high-risk populations. Bufalin is a cardiac glycoside extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) "Chan Su," which has been used as an anticancer agent. On the basis of the relative safety of bufalin, we investigated whether bufalin could act as a chemoprophylactic agent to prevent colon tumorigenesis in two murine models, namely colitis-associated
- Smoking, Helicobacter Pylori Serology, and Gastric Cancer Risk in Prospective Studies from China, Japan, and KoreaSmoking is an established risk factor for gastric cancer development. In this study, we aimed to assess prospectively the association of smoking with gastric cancer risk in 1,446 non-cardia gastric cancer cases and 1,796 controls from China, Japan, and Korea with consideration of Helicobacter pylori infection as a potential effect modifier. Applying logistic regression models stratified by study and adjusted for age and sex we found that current,
- Implementation of HPV-based Cervical Cancer Screening Combined with Self-sampling Using a Midwifery Network Across Rural Greece: The GRECOSELF StudySelf-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is an alternative to physician sampling particularly for cervical cancer screening nonattenders. The GRECOSELF study is a nationwide observational cross-sectional study aiming to suggest a way to implement HPV-DNA testing in conjunction with self-sampling for cervical cancer screening in Greece, utilizing a midwifery network. Women residing in remote areas of Greece were approached by midwives,
- Sedentary Behavior and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort StudiesProstate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, and sedentary behavior is widespread, yet reviews and meta-analyses summarizing the role of sedentary behavior as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer are scarce. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for relevant articles up to January 2019. We pooled maximally adjusted risk estimates in a random effects model and performed meta-regression meta-analysi
- A Randomized Phase II Trial of Pioglitazone for Lung Cancer Chemoprevention in High-Risk Current and Former SmokersLung cancer chemoprevention, especially in high-risk former smokers, has great potential to reduce lung cancer incidence and mortality. Thiazolidinediones prevent lung cancer in preclinical studies, and diabetics receiving thiazolidinediones have lower lung cancer rates which led to our double-blind, randomized, phase II placebo-controlled trial of oral pioglitazone in high-risk current or former smokers with sputum cytologic atypia or known endo
- Evaluating the Utility and Prevalence of HPV Biomarkers in Oral Rinses and Serology for HPV-related Oropharyngeal CancerPerformance of commercially available human papillomavirus (HPV) assays (approved for cervical HPV detection) is unknown for detecting HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC). Assays for detection of HPV DNA [ELISA (DEIA) and Cobas], and RNA (Aptima) in oral rinse samples, and serum HPV oncogene antibodies were evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity of each test was explored among HPV-OPC cases and controls. Biomarker prevalence was evaluated
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
- Methylation variation promotes phenotypic diversity and evolutionary potential in a millenium-old clonal seagrass meadow [NEW RESULTS]Evolutionary theory predicts that clonal organisms are more susceptible to extinction than sexually reproducing organisms, due to low genetic variation and slow rates of genetic evolution. However, plants that reproduce clonally are among the oldest living organisms on our planet. Here, we test the hypothesis that clonal seagrass meadows display epigenetic diversity that compensates for the lack of genetic diversity. In a clonal meadow of the sea
- Phylogeny and Multiple Independent Whole-Genome Duplication Events in the Brassicales [NEW RESULTS]Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are prevalent throughout the evolutionary history of plants. For example, dozens of WGDs have been phylogenetically localized across the order Brassicales, specifically, within the family Brassicaceae. However, while its sister family, Cleomaceae, has also been characterized by a WGD, its placement, as well as that of other WGD events in other families in the order, remains unclear. Using phylo-transcriptomics fro
- Looking for mimicry in a snake assemblage using deep learning [NEW RESULTS]Batesian mimicry, with its highly colorful species and astonishing mimic-model resemblance, is a canonical example of evolution by natural selection. However, Batesian mimicry could also occur in inconspicuous species and rely on subtle resemblance. Although potentially widespread, such instances have been rarely investigated, such that the real frequency of Batesian mimicry has remained largely unknown. To fill this gap, we developed a new appro
- Scarce and directly beneficial reputations support cooperation [NEW RESULTS]A human solution to the problem of cooperation is the construction and maintenance of informal reputation hierarchies. Reputational information contributes to cooperation by providing guidelines about previous group-beneficial or free-rider behavior of opponents in social dilemma interactions. How reputation information could be credible, however, when outcomes of interactions are not publicly known, remains a puzzle. In this study, we propose th
- Abnormal vertebral patterns in genetically heterogeneous deceased fetuses and neonates: evidence of selection against variations [CONFIRMATORY RESULTS]Objective: To assess the vertebral pattern in a cohort of deceased fetuses and neonates, and to study the possible impact of DNA Copy Number Variations (CNVs) in coding regions and/or disturbing enhancers on the development of the vertebral pattern. Method: Radiographs of 445 fetuses and infants, deceased between 2009 and 2015, were assessed. Terminations of pregnancies, stillbirths and neonatal deaths were included. Patients were excluded if the
- Genetic architecture underlying changes in carotenoid accumulation during the evolution of the Blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus [NEW RESULTS]Carotenoids are yellow to orange pigments produced by plants, bacteria, and fungi. They are consumed by animals and metabolized to produce molecules essential for gene regulation, vision, and pigmentation. Cave animals represent an interesting opportunity to understand how carotenoid utilization evolves. Caves are devoid of light, eliminating primary production of energy through photosynthesis and therefore limiting carotenoid availability. Moreo
- Sex-specific phenotypic effects and evolutionary history of an ancient deletion polymorphism of the human growth hormone receptor [NEW RESULTS]The deletion of the third exon of the growth hormone receptor (GHRd3) is one of the most common genomic structural variants in the human genome. This deletion has been linked to response to growth hormone, placenta size, birth weight, growth after birth, time of menarche, adult height, and longevity. However, its evolutionary history and the exact mechanisms through which it affects phenotypes remain unresolved. While the analysis of thousands of
- Condition-dependent trade-offs maintain honest signaling: A laboratory experiment [NEW RESULTS]How and why animals and humans signal reliably is a key issue in biology and social sciences. For many years the dominant paradigm in biology was the Handicap Principle. It claims a causal relationship between honesty and signal cost and thus predicts that honest signals have to be costly to produce. However, contrary to the Handicap Principle, game theoretical models predict that honest signaling is maintained by condition dependent signaling tr
- Kin and group selection are both flawed but useful data analysis tools [NEW RESULTS]For understanding the evolution of social behavior in microbes, mathematical theory can aid empirical research but is often only used as a qualitative heuristic. How to properly formulate social evolution theory has also been contentious. Here we evaluate kin and multilevel selection theory as tools for analyzing microbial data. We reanalyze published datasets that share a common experimental design and evaluate these theories in terms of data vi
- Natural variation in the contribution of microbial density to inducible immune dynamics [NEW RESULTS]Immune responses evolve to balance the benefits of microbial killing against the costs of autoimmunity and energetic resource use. Models that explore the evolution of optimal immune responses generally include a term for constitutive immunity, or the level of immunological investment prior to microbial exposure, and for inducible immunity, or investment in immune function after microbial challenge. However, studies rarely consider the functional
- Phylogeographic and phylodynamic approaches to epidemiological hypothesis testing [NEW RESULTS]Computational analyses of pathogen genomes are increasingly being used to unravel the dispersal history and transmission dynamics of epidemics. Here, we show how to go beyond historical reconstructions and use spatially-explicit phylogeographic and phylodynamic approaches to formally test epidemiological hypotheses. We focus on the spread and invasion of West Nile virus spread in North America that has been responsible for substantial impacts on
- Large single-locus effects for maturation timing are mediated via condition variation in Atlantic salmon [NEW RESULTS]Sexual maturation is a pivotal life-history trait that balances the probabilities between mortality and reproduction. Environmental vs. genetic contributions to maturation component traits, such as somatic growth and body condition, remain uncertain because of difficulties in determining causality. In Atlantic salmon, maturation timing associates with a large-effect locus around vgll3, which also links with growth, condition, and maturation in ma
- A multivariate phylogenetic comparative method incorporating a flexible function between discrete and continuous traits [NEW RESULTS]One major challenge of using the phylogenetic comparative method (PCM) is the analysis of the evolution of interrelated continuous and discrete traits in a single multivariate statistical framework. In addition, more intricate parameters such as branch-specific directional selection have rarely been integrated into such multivariate PCM frameworks. Here, originally motivated to analyze the complex evolutionary trajectories of group size (continuo
- Long non-coding RNA MEG3 regulates migration and invasion of lung cancer stem cells via miR-650/SLC34A2 axisPublication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Yongjuan Zhao, Zhenxing Zhu, Shaomin Shi, Jing Wang, Ning LiAbstractLong non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is related to the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the function and underlying molecular mechanisms of MEG3 in lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are still unclear. LCSCs were determined in lung can
- Regulation of cardiac stem cells by microRNAs: State-of-the-artPublication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Armita Mahdavi Gorabi, Vanessa Bianconi, Matteo Pirro, Maciej Banach, Amirhossein SahebkarAbstractStem cells have a therapeutic potential in various medical conditions. In cases without sufficient response to conventional drug treatments, stem cells represent a next generation therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac stem cells (CSCs), among
- Inhibition of CACNA1H attenuates doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity by affecting endoplasmic reticulum stressPublication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Junxia Hu, Qi Wu, Zhiwei Wang, Junmou Hong, Ruoshi Chen, Bowen Li, Zhipeng Hu, Xiaoping Hu, Min ZhangAbstractBackgroundDoxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer drug that has been widely used in the clinic. However, recently its application has been limited due to the cardiotoxic effects it has caused. Severe cardiotoxicity of DOX causes cardiac hypertrophy that m
- <em>UCA1</em> long non-coding RNA: An update on its roles in malignant behavior of cancersPublication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Mohammad TaheriAbstractThe lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) is a 1.4 kb long transcript which has been firstly recognized in human bladder cancer cell line. Subsequent studies revealed its over-expression in a wide array of human cancer cell lines and patients’ samples. In addition to conferring malignant phenotype to ce
- Editorial BoardPublication date: November 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 119Author(s):
PeerJ Computer Science
- Detection and identification of Xanthomonas pathotypes associated with citrus diseases using comparative genomics and multiplex PCRBackground In Citrus cultures, three species of Xanthomonas are known to cause distinct diseases. X. citri subsp. citri patothype A, X. fuscans subsp. aurantifolii pathotypes B and C, and X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis, are the causative agents of cancrosis A, B, C, and citrus bacterial spots, respectively. Although these species exhibit different levels of virulence and aggressiveness, only limited alternatives are currently av
- Suppression of Wolbachia-mediated male-killing in the butterfly Hypolimnas bolina involves a single genomic regionBackground Sex ratio distorting agents (maternally inherited symbionts and meiotically-driving sex chromosomes) are common in insects. When these agents rise to high frequencies they create strong population sex ratio bias and selection then favours mutations that act to restore the rare sex. Despite this strong selection pressure, the evolution of mutations that suppress sex ratio distorting elements appears to be constrained in
- CD36 identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis as a hub candidate gene in lupus nephritisLupus nephritis (LN) is a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which often progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and ultimately leads to death. At present, there are no definitive therapies towards LN, so that illuminating the molecular mechanism behind the disease has become an urgent task for researchers. Bioinformatics has become a widely utilized method for exploring genes related to disease. This study set out t
- Transmission efficiency of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus by three cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci complex in cotton cultivarsCotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is a serious and economically important viral disease agent in cotton and ornamental plants like Hibiscus in many regions of the world, especially in South Asia. CLCuMuV is transmitted exclusively by Bemisia tabaci cryptic species complex. This virus was recently recorded in southern China, presumably an invasion from South Asia. This study was performed to estimate the efficiency of three species of the B.
- Bioprospection of biocompounds and dietary supplements of microalgae with immunostimulating activity: a comprehensive reviewThe objective of this review is to analyze the role of microalgal bioprospecting and the application of microalgae as food supplements and immunostimulants in global and regional aquaculture, highlighting the Brazilian Amazon. This study evaluates the primary advantages of the application of the bioactive compounds of these microorganisms, simultaneously identifying the knowledge gaps that hinder their biotechnological and economic exploitation.
- Effect of birdsongs and traffic noise on pedestrian walking speed during different seasonsMany studies have explored the effects of auditory and visual stimuli on the perception of an environment. However, there is a lack of investigations examining direct behavioral responses to noise in specific environments. In this study, a behavioral variable, walking speed, was analyzed, as a response to the sounds and visual features of a specific environment. The study examined the effects of birdsongs compared to traffic noise on walking spee
- Bark tissue transcriptome analyses of inverted Populus yunnanensis cuttings reveal the crucial role of plant hormones in response to inversionInverted cuttings of Populus yunnanensis exhibit an interesting growth response to inversion. This response is characterized by enlargement of the stem above the shoot site, while the upright stem shows obvious outward growth below the shoot site. In this study, we examined transcriptome changes in bark tissue at four positions on upright and inverted cuttings of P. yunnanensis: position B, the upper portion of the stem; position C, the lower por
- Thermal biology and swimming performance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) are two commercially important marine fishes impacted by both overfishing and climate change. Increasing ocean temperatures are affecting the physiology of these species and causing changes in distribution, growth, and maturity. While the physiology of cod has been well investigated, that of haddock has received very little attention. Here, we measured the metabolic response to in
- Population genetic structure of Texas horned lizards: implications for reintroduction and captive breedingThe Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) inhabits much of the southern Great Plains of North America. Since the 1950s, this species has been extirpated from much of its eastern range and has suffered declines and local extinctions elsewhere, primarily due to habitat loss. Plans are underway to use captive breeding to produce large numbers of Texas horned lizards for reintroduction into areas that were historically occupied by this species an
- Valence makes a stronger contribution than arousal to affective primingBackground Recent data suggest that both word valence and arousal modulate subsequent cognitive processing. However, whether valence or arousal makes a stronger contribution to cognitive processing is less understood. Methods The present study performed three experiments that varied the valence (positive or negative) and arousal (high or low) of prime-target word pai
- Plant community recovery from intense deer grazing depends on reduction of graminoids and the time after exclosure installation in a semi-natural grasslandExclosures that exclude large herbivores are effective tools for the protection and restoration of grazed plant communities. However, previous studies have shown that the installation of an exclosure does not ensure plant community recovery. Our study aimed to determine the effects of the domination of unpalatable plants and the timing of exclosure installation on the plant community recovery process in montane grassland overgrazed by sika deer (
- Investigating the relationships among lung function variables in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in menBackground In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the independent contributions of individual lung function variables to outcomes may be lower when they are modelled together if they are collinear. In addition, lung volume measurements may not be necessary after spirometry data have been obtained. However, these hypotheses depend on whether forced vital capacity (FVC) can predict total lung capacity (TLC).
- Soil bacterial biodiversity is driven by long-term pasture management, poultry litter, and cattle manure inputsSoil microorganisms are important for maintaining soil health, decomposing organic matter, and recycling nutrients in pasture systems. However, the impact of long-term conservation pasture management on soil microbial communities remains unclear. Therefore, soil microbiome responses to conservation pasture management is an important component of soil health, especially in the largest agricultural land-use in the US. The aim of this study was to i
- The association of depression with lower urinary tract symptoms: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2008Background To identify the factors associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), we investigated associations between psychological factors, including depression and sleep disorders, and LUTS using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Materials and Methods The NHANES database was examined for the period of 2005 to 2008. Men older
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