A protocol for 3D visualization of microscopic tissue structures by using an X-ray specific staining method designed for X-ray computed tomography is presented.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 22:00
Several important points for obtaining high-quality reliable visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in newborns while minimizing variability and the risk of misleading prognoses are presented.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 21:39
We report an efficient carbon-11 radiolabeling technique to produce clinically relevant tracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using solid phase extraction cartridges. 11C-methylating agent is passed through a cartridge preloaded with precursor and successive elution with aqueous ethanol provides chemically and radiochemically pure PET tracers in high radiochemical yields.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 21:39
Here, we present a protocol to perform an invasive hemodynamic assessment of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in mice using an open-chest surgery approach.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:38
This article describes a method to generate functional tumor antigen-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CD8αβ+ single positive T cells using OP9/DLL1 co-culture system.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:38
Literature databases are commonly used to assess publications in a certain subject, discipline, country, or region of the world, a practice known as bibliometric analysis. The current protocol details how to use PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to do bibliometric analysis.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 19:38
Laryngeal paralysis is a serious and sometimes deadly disease in some dog breeds that prevents proper opening of the larynx for breathing. Specialists in canine head and neck surgery and geneticists have identify a mutation responsible for laryngeal paralysis in Miniature Bull Terriers, enabling the development of a genetic test for the disease.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 21:12
The habits of a needle-toothed tetrapod which lived more than 370 million years ago have filled in a piece of the evolutionary puzzle after an international team of palaeontologists pieced together fossilized skeletons and found unusual characteristics such as a crocodile-like skull with high positioned eyes would have been used to 'keep an eye' on prey before it used its slender needle-like teeth and elastic jaw to snatch its kill and crush it to death.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 17:58
Birds come in an astounding array of shapes and colors. New research helps explain why bird species with similar flight styles or body sizes don't have consistent wing shapes. Bird species tend to reshape the range of motion of their wings -- rather than wing shape or size itself -- as they evolve new ways of flying.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 16:36
Tadpoles that can typically regrow amputated tails or limbs lost their ability to regenerate after researchers blocked the expression of a newly identified gene that is one of the drivers for this regrowth. Furthermore, scientists hypothesize that the loss of appendage regeneration in warm-blooded animals might have been caused by the gain or loss of this gene, dubbed c-Answer, in an ancestor's genome during evolution.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 00:21
The transition from land to sea by the ancestor of cetaceans approximately 50 million years ago was an incredible evolutionary event that led to a series of morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptat...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2019Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Ali Doroudchi, Mohini Pathria, Brian D. ModenaObjectiveFive biologic therapies have FDA-approved indications for difficult-to-control asthma. The clinical trials that proved the efficacy and safety of these biologics were often similar in their inclusion criteria, study designs, and endpoints. Many of these trials have been re-analyzed post-hoc to identify subsets of subjects considered...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 22:04
Journal Name: Biological ChemistryIssue: Ahead of print
Thu Oct 24, 2019 21:48
Publication date: December 2019Source: Brain and Language, Volume 199Author(s): Ka I Ip, Rebecca A. Marks, Lucy Shih-Ju Hsu, Nikita Desai, Ji Ling Kuan, Twila Tardif, loulia KovelmanAbstractMorphological awareness, the ability to manipulate the smallest units of meaning, is critical for Chinese literacy. This is because Chinese characters typically reflect the morphemic, or morpho-syllabic units of language. Yet, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying Chinese speakers’ morphological processing...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 21:47
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2019Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial SurgeryAuthor(s): Maffia Francesco, Valentino Vellone, Chiara De Quarto, Runci Anastasi Michele, Piero CasconeSummarySynovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint is a pseudoneoplastic condition characterized by benign cartilaginous metaplasia of synovial tissue mesenchymal residues with intra-articular nodule formation. TMJ involvement is rare. Interposition of loose bodies in the articular space...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 21:26
The human body is an ecosystem that is home to a complex array of microbes known as the microbiome or microbiota. This ecosystem plays an important role in human health, but as a result of recent lifestyle changes occurring around the planet, whole populations are seeing a major shift in their gut microbiota. Measures meant to kill or limit exposure to pathogenic microbes, such as antibiotics and sanitation, combined with other factors such as processed food, have had unintended consequences for...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
Drought causes crop losses worldwide, and its impact is expected to increase as the world warms. This has motivated the development of small-molecule tools for mitigating the effects of drought on agriculture. We show here that current leads are limited by poor bioactivity in wheat, a widely grown staple crop, and in tomato. To address this limitation, we combined virtual screening, x-ray crystallography, and structure-guided design to develop opabactin (OP), an abscisic acid (ABA) mimic with up...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
How early-life colonization and subsequent exposure to the microbiota affect long-term tissue immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the development of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells relies on a specific temporal window, after which MAIT cell development is permanently impaired. This imprinting depends on early-life exposure to defined microbes that synthesize riboflavin-derived antigens. In adults, cutaneous MAIT cells are a dominant population of interleukin-17A (IL-17A)–producing...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
Harvested by advanced technical systems honed over decades of research and development, wind energy has become a mainstream energy resource. However, continued innovation is needed to realize the potential of wind to serve the global demand for clean energy. Here, we outline three interdependent, cross-disciplinary grand challenges underpinning this research endeavor. The first is the need for a deeper understanding of the physics of atmospheric flow in the critical zone of plant operation. The second...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
Achieving time-domain control of quantum states with atomic-scale spatial resolution in nanostructures is a long-term goal in quantum nanoscience and spintronics. Here, we demonstrate coherent spin rotations of individual atoms on a surface at the nanosecond time scale, using an all-electric scheme in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). By modulating the atomically confined magnetic interaction between the STM tip and surface atoms, we drive quantum Rabi oscillations between spin-up and spin-down...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) mediate the coupled, electroneutral symport of cations with chloride across the plasma membrane and are vital for cell volume regulation, salt reabsorption in the kidney, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)–mediated modulation in neurons. Here we present cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC1 in potassium chloride or sodium chloride at 2.9- to 3.5-angstrom resolution. KCC1 exists as a dimer, with both extracellular...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
Better vaccines against influenza virus are urgently needed to provide broader protection against diverse strains, subtypes, and types. Such efforts are assisted by the identification of novel broadly neutralizing epitopes targeted by protective antibodies. Influenza vaccine development has largely focused on the hemagglutinin, but the other major surface antigen, the neuraminidase, has reemerged as a potential target for universal vaccines. We describe three human monoclonal antibodies isolated...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
We present histological and molecular analyses of the developing human cerebellum from 30 days after conception to 9 months after birth. Differences in developmental patterns between humans and mice include spatiotemporal expansion of both ventricular and rhombic lip primary progenitor zones to include subventricular zones containing basal progenitors. The human rhombic lip persists longer through cerebellar development than in the mouse and undergoes morphological changes to form a progenitor pool...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
Thu Oct 24, 2019 20:40
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