Publication date: Available online 23 October 2019Source: Human PathologyAuthor(s): Ji Dong K. Bai, Sruthi Babu, Lucia Roa-Peña, Wei Hou, Ali Akalin, Luisa F. Escobar-Hoyos, Kenneth R. ShroyerSummaryKeratin 17 (K17) has been established as a negative prognostic biomarker in cervical and ovarian cancers but has not previously been evaluated as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial adenocarcinoma. The association of K17 with decreased patient survival may be explained in part by the discovery that...
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Understanding mutant evolution in spatially structured systems is crucially important for a range of biological systems, including bacterial populations and cancer. While previous work has shown that the mutation load is higher in spatially structured compared to well-mixed systems for neutral mutants in the absence of cell death, we demonstrate a significantly higher degree of complexity, using a comprehensive computational modeling approach that takes into account different mutant fitness, cell...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Within a species' range, intraspecific diversity in the form of adaptive standing genetic variation (SGV) may be non-randomly clustered into different geographic regions, reflecting the combined effects of historical range movements and spatially-varying natural selection. As a consequence of a patchy distribution of adaptive SGV, populations in different parts of the range are likely to vary in their capacity to respond to changing selection pressures, especially long-lived sessile organisms like...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Male genitalia are thought to ensure transfer of sperm through direct physical contact with female during copulation. Such primary sexual traits were also observed to affect pre-copulatory female mate-choice in some Vertebrates species, but whether this also occurs in insects is unknown. Males of the fruitfly Drosophila pachea have a pair of asymmetric external genital lobes, which are primary sexual structures and stabilize the copulatory complex of female and male genitalia. We tested for a pre-copulatory...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Human pregnancy requires the coordinated function of multiple tissues in both mother and fetus and has evolved in concert with major human adaptations. As a result, pregnancy-associated phenotypes and related disorders are genetically complex and have likely been sculpted by diverse evolutionary forces. However, there is no framework to comprehensively evaluate how these traits evolved or to explore the relationship of evolutionary signatures on trait-associated genetic variants to molecular function....
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
The CDK1 kinase is required for most eukaryotic cell cycles. The active site is generated by essential, structural elements, among which the PSTAIRE motif in the critical C-helix, is universally conserved in metazoans. The CDK2 kinase, sharing the PSTAIRE, arose early in metazoan evolution and permitted subdivision of tasks along the S-M-phase axis. The marine planktonic chordate, Oikopleura dioica, is the only metazoan known to possess more than a single CDK1 ortholog, and all of its 5 paralogs...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Premise of study: Large genomic datasets offer the promise of resolving historically recalcitrant phylogenetic problems. However, different methodologies can yield conflicting results, especially when diversification occurs rapidly. Here, we used an array of dataset filtering strategies and species tree methods to infer a consensus topology of Ericales and explored sources of uncertainty associated with an ancient radiation. Methods: We used a hierarchical clustering approach, along with tree-based...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
The evolution of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is of great relevance for both evolutionary and synthetic biology. Understanding the relationship between GRN structure and its function can allow us to understand the selective pressures that have shaped a given circuit. This is especially relevant when considering spatiotemporal expression patterns, where GRN models have been shown to be extremely robust and evolvable. However, previous models that studied GRN evolution did not include the evolution...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
The world's second largest expanse of tropical rain forest is in Central Africa and contains incredible species diversity. Population genetic studies have consistently revealed significant structure across central African rain forest plants, in particular a North-South genetic discontinuity close to the equator at the level of a climatic inversion. Here, we take a phylogeographic approach using 351 nuclear markers in 112 individuals across the distribution of the African rain forest tree species...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
When the ranges of closely-related lineages are large, and overlapping, we can often study introgression at many "replicated" contacts, with different locations and spatial scales. Here we analysed multiple contact zones of the M. edulis complex of marine mussel species, which represent a mosaic distribution of heterogeneously differentiated, semi-isolated genomes. Our aim was to contrast ongoing introgression at the heart of hybrid zones, with past introgression between similar parental populations,...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Sperm exhibit marked morphological diversity, and investigations into sperm diversity can further the understanding of many areas of evolutionary biology. In this study, using light microscopy, sperm morphology was examined in 39 species of Carabidae from eight subfamilies, including five subfamilies in which sperm morphology has not previously been examined. In all but one of the subfamilies, the subfamily members shared the same type of sperm: single sperm were observed in Cicindelinae, Nebriinae,...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Developmental systems may preferentially produce certain types of variation and, thereby, bias phenotypic evolution. This is a central issue in evolutionary developmental biology, albeit somewhat understudied. Here we focus on the shape of the first upper molar which shows a clear, repeated tendency for anterior elongation at different scales from within mouse populations to between species of the Mus genus. In contrast, the lower molar displays more evolutionary stability. We compared upper and...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Background: The origin of species is a central topic in biology aiming at understanding mechanisms, level and rate of diversification. Ecological speciation is an important driver in adaptive radiation during post glacial intralacustrine niche diversification in fishes. The Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L. species complex in the Northern hemisphere freshwater systems display huge morphological and life history divergence in lakes with one or several morphs present, thus offering a unique opportunity...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Tradeoffs between life history traits impact diverse biological phenomena, from biodiversity maintenance to combating infectious disease. However, while research into trait correlations has focused on tradeoffs, less attention has been paid to other associations, like `tradeups' where traits are positively correlated. But if tradeoffs are common, tradeups should be too: if traits X and Y tradeoff, so too traits Y and Z, then X and Z will tradeup. Relying on tradeoffs as a mechanism for biodiversity...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
In plants, local adaptation across species range is frequent. Yet, much has to be discovered on its environmental drivers, the underlying functional traits and their molecular determinants. Genome scans are popular to uncover outlier loci potentially involved in the genetic architecture of local adaptation, however links between outliers and phenotypic variation are rarely addressed. Here we focused on adaptation of teosinte populations along two elevation gradients in Mexico that display continuous...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
An organism's ability to disperse influences many fundamental processes in ecology. However, standardised estimates of dispersal ability are rarely available, and thus the patterns and drivers of broad-scale variation in dispersal ability remain unclear. Here we present a global dataset of avian hand-wing index (HWI), an estimate of wingtip pointedness widely adopted as a proxy for flight efficiency and dispersal in birds. We show that HWI is correlated with geography and ecology across 10,391 (>99...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Phylogenies are a central and indispensable tool for evolutionary and ecological research. Even though most angiosperm families are well investigated from a phylogenetic point of view, there are far less possibilities to carry out large-scale meta-analyses at order level or higher. Here, we reconstructed a large-scale dated phylogeny including nearly 1/8th of all angiosperm species based on two plastid barcoding genes, matK and rbcL. Novel sequences were generated for several species, while the rest...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
In the animal kingdom, proteins of the Bcl-2 family are widely recognized as regulators of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), leading to apoptotic cell death. These proteins were recently also shown to control IP3-dependent calcium fluxes at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the origin and evolution of these pleiotropic functions remain elusive. Here, we molecularly characterized the four members of the Bcl-2 family (trBcl-2L1 to -2L4) in the most primitive...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Natural selection can remove maladaptive genotypic variance from populations, leaving reduced phenotypic variation as a signal of its action. Hybrid populations offer a unique opportunity to study phenotypic variance before selection purifies it, as these populations can have increased genotypic and phenotypic variance than can reveal trade-offs and selection conflicts not visible, or visible to a lesser extent, in unadmixed populations. Here, we study the interactions between a fungal leaf rust...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
BackgroundA central tenet of the evolutionary theory of communities is that competition impacts evolutionary processes such as local adaptation. Species in a community exert a selection pressure on other species and may drive them to extinction. We know, however, very little about the influence of unsuccessful or ghost species on the evolutionary dynamics within the community. MethodsHere, we studied the long-term influence of a ghost competitor on the performance of a more successful species...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Malaria, a vector borne disease caused by Plasmodium spp., remains a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Optimization of the disease control strategies requires a thorough understanding of the fundamental processes underlying parasite transmission. Although the number of transmissible stages of Plasmodium (gametocyte) in human blood is frequently used as an indicator of human-to-mosquito transmission potential, this relationship is not always clear. Important efforts have been made to...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Natural selection can remove maladaptive genotypic variance from populations, leaving reduced phenotypic variation as a signal of its action. Hybrid populations offer a unique opportunity to study phenotypic variance before selection purifies it, as these populations can have increased genotypic and phenotypic variance than can reveal trade-offs and selection conflicts not visible, or visible to a lesser extent, in unadmixed populations. Here, we study the interactions between a fungal leaf rust...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
One of the parental diploid genomes (subgenomes) in an allopolyploid often exhibits higher gene expression levels compared to the other subgenome(s) in the nucleus. However, the genetic basis and deterministic fate of subgenome expression dominance remains poorly understood. We examined the establishment of subgenome expression dominance in six isogenic resynthesized Brassica napus (rapeseed) allopolyploid lines over the first ten generations, and uncovered consistent expression dominance patterns...
Wed Oct 23, 2019 03:00
Abstract Center of pressure (COP) trajectories of human can maintain regulation of forward progression and stability of lateral sway during walking. The insole pressure system can only detect COP trajectories of each foot during single stance. In this study, we developed artificial neural network models that could present COP trajectories in an integrated coordinate system during a complete gait cycle using pressure information of the insole system. A feed forward artificial neural...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is used as a clinical and diagnostic descriptive label for a diverse range of vocal fold behaviors caused by increased tension of the (para) laryngeal musculature. These increased tension can occur in the cricothyroid muscle and in the ‘‘visor’’ mechanism, contributing to voice problems. The main goal of this study is to determine whether a new method, the cricothyroid visor maneuver (CVM), is an effective method for improving quality and other aspects of the MTD patients'...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Chronic total occlusion revascularization remains a challenging problem because of its complexity. We present a case of a patient with chronic total occlusion who was successfully revascularized with the use o...
Wed Oct 23, 2019 03:00
Cardiotoxicity is a known complication and one of the most adverse effects from the use of conventional treatments such as anthracyclines and trastuzumab in breast cancer (BC) care. This phenomenon has been as...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07057
Thu Oct 24, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09110
Thu Oct 24, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09009
Thu Oct 24, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05274
Thu Oct 24, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08060
Thu Oct 24, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09034
Thu Oct 24, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07633
Thu Oct 24, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09639
Thu Oct 24, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07370
Thu Oct 24, 2019 07:00
RESUMO Objetivo Interessa descrever o processo de implementação da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) em um Centro Especializado em Reabilitação fundamentado na abordagem biopsicossocial de saúde. Método Trata-se de pesquisa-ação, descritiva, analítica e longitudinal. O processo de implementação no serviço abrangeu quatro etapas: a) Capacitação para uso da CIF; b) Construção de checklists pela equipe; c) Aplicação dos checklists com usuários do serviço; e...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 23:25
Presented here is a protocol to study pharmacological responses in prostate epithelial organoids. Organoids closely resemble in vivo biology and recapitulate patient genetics, making them attractive model systems. Prostate organoids can be established from wildtype prostates, genetically engineered mouse models, benign human tissue, and advanced prostate cancer.
Thu Oct 24, 2019 22:39
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